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The most successful land-reform program in history was carried out. Before the war, the land in this rice-farming economy was owned by 37,000 landlords and farmed by millions of tenants. MacArthur purchased the land at a fixed price per hectare and sold it to the tenants at that price, while giving them a 30-year interest-free loan to pay for it. With the dismantling of Japan’s hierarchy, the resulting improvement in health was “unequaled in any country in the world in medical history in a comparable period of time” (Willoughby and Chamberlain 1954: 345).

Poverty has an effect that is not just related to personal behaviours engaged in by poorer or richer people. ” (Institute of Medicine 2003: 59). This is a well-established rule of thumb common in many Health Canada documents as well (Health Canada 1998). The gap between the rich and poor in society represents how much the society cares for and shares with its members. S. has the highest child poverty rate among rich countries, despite having half of the world’s billionaires. , but fares much worse than do many European nations (see chapters 5 and 8 in this volume).

Because of this deviant aspect, a new social role—the sick role—had to be defined. Being sick, therefore, constituted a social role with “institutionalised expectations and the corresponding sentiments and sanctions” (1951: 436) in order for equilibrium, wellness, and a functioning society to be maintained. 1). 1: The Sick Role Text not available To complement this sick role, the provider’s role is to legitimate the condition, to treat the condition, and make the person well again. In order to do so, physicians are granted privileged and penetrating access to patients’ bodies and their private lives.